Tweeted Heresies

Introduction
Public Space in Saudi Arabia
Non-physical Public Space: From Satellite TV to Twitter

Chapter 1: Criticizing Religion
Religion, Modernity, and the Secular Horizon
The 'Authenticity/Identity' Prism
Islam in Saudi Arabia
Religion and Society
Conclusion

Chapter 2: Ambivalent Religiosity
Ambivalent Religiosity?
Is Saudi Arabian Society 'Religious'?
Sin and the Ambivalence of Religion in Saudi Arabia
Sin
The Institutionalization of Sin
Modern Laws
Banking
International Scholarship Program
Celebration of National Day
Saudi Society and Sin
Conclusion: Religion as Solidarity

Chapter 3: Criticizing Religion on Twitter
Heresy on Twitter: General overview
Saudi Religion vs Islam
Dissonant Religiosity
The Exclusivist Nature of Saudi religion
Preoccupation with Women
Wahhabism
The Authority of the Ulama
Criticism of Obligations and Prohibitions
Individual Religiosity
Questioning Religion
Atheism in Saudi Arabia
Conclusion: Contours of Criticizing Religion

Chapter 4: Religious Disengagements
First: The Childhood and Growing Up Phase
A. Religious Families Who Impose Religion on Their Children
B. Religious Families Who Do Not Impose Religion on Their Children
C. Non-Religious Families
Second: Turning Towards Religion
A. Individual Transformation
B. Transformation With Group Belonging
C. Disengagement From Religion
Conclusion

Chatper 5: Backlash: Takfir Campaigns
Orthodoxy and Heresy in Saudi Arabia
Brief History of Heresy Condemnations: Takfir
Accusations of Kufr
Takfir in Saudi Arabia: before 2012
Takfir Campaigns: 2012-2013
Takfir Petitions
Perfect Takfir
Conclusion
The Public and Takfir
The Ulama and Takfir

Chapter 6: Evolution of Saudi Religion

Twitter Hashtag Sources
Index

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• Islão
• Religião e política
• História do Oriente Médio