Natural Philosophy
Natural Philosophy
From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty (Treatise on Mind and Society)
Thagard, Paul
Oxford University Press Inc
01/2022
360
Mole
Inglês
9780197619681
526
Descrição não disponível.
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Philosophy Matters
Why Philosophy?
What is Philosophy?
Issues and Alternatives: Ways of Philosophizing
Elements of Natural Philosophy
Overview of This Book
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 1: Philosophy Matters
2. Mind
Mental Processes
Issues and Alternatives
Neural Mechanisms
Semantic Pointers
Inference to the Best Explanation to Multilevel Materialism
Philosophical Objections
Consciousness
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 2: Mind
Chapter 3. Knowledge
Minds and Knowledge
Issues and Alternatives
What is Knowledge?
The Growth of Knowledge
Justification
Probability
Knowledge is Social
Conceptual Change and the Brain Revolution
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 3: Knowledge
4. Reality
Make Reality Great Again
Issues and Alternatives
Existence
Truth
Space and Time
Groups and Society
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 4: Reality
5. Explanation
Knowledge Meets Reality
Issues and Alternatives
Styles of Explanation
Emotional and Social Aspects of Explanation
Causality
Reduction and Emergence
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 5: Explanation
6. Morality
Right and Wrong
Issues and Alternatives
Values
Moral Emotions
Objective Values and Rational Emotions
Needs
The Needs of Others
Empathy
Conflicting Needs and Ethical Coherence
Why is There Evil?
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 6: Morality
7. Justice
From Morality to Justice
Issues and Alternatives
Just Societies: Needs Sufficiency
Just Governments
Just Social Change
Basic Income
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 7: Justice
8. Meaning
Language and Life
Issues and Alternatives
Language and Mental Representation
The Meanings of Life Meaning of Death
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 8: Meaning
9. Beauty and Beyond
Aesthetics
Issues and Alternatives
Beauty in Painting
Other Emotions in Painting
Creativity in Painting
Beauty in Music
Other Emotions in Music
Creativity in Music
Empathy in Literature and Film
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 9: Beauty and Beyond
10. Future Philosophy
Looking Backwards and Forwards
Free Will
Mathematical Knowledge and Reality
Non-Humans: Animals and Machines
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 10: Future Philosophy
References
Index
Acknowledgments
1. Philosophy Matters
Why Philosophy?
What is Philosophy?
Issues and Alternatives: Ways of Philosophizing
Elements of Natural Philosophy
Overview of This Book
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 1: Philosophy Matters
2. Mind
Mental Processes
Issues and Alternatives
Neural Mechanisms
Semantic Pointers
Inference to the Best Explanation to Multilevel Materialism
Philosophical Objections
Consciousness
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 2: Mind
Chapter 3. Knowledge
Minds and Knowledge
Issues and Alternatives
What is Knowledge?
The Growth of Knowledge
Justification
Probability
Knowledge is Social
Conceptual Change and the Brain Revolution
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 3: Knowledge
4. Reality
Make Reality Great Again
Issues and Alternatives
Existence
Truth
Space and Time
Groups and Society
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 4: Reality
5. Explanation
Knowledge Meets Reality
Issues and Alternatives
Styles of Explanation
Emotional and Social Aspects of Explanation
Causality
Reduction and Emergence
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 5: Explanation
6. Morality
Right and Wrong
Issues and Alternatives
Values
Moral Emotions
Objective Values and Rational Emotions
Needs
The Needs of Others
Empathy
Conflicting Needs and Ethical Coherence
Why is There Evil?
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 6: Morality
7. Justice
From Morality to Justice
Issues and Alternatives
Just Societies: Needs Sufficiency
Just Governments
Just Social Change
Basic Income
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 7: Justice
8. Meaning
Language and Life
Issues and Alternatives
Language and Mental Representation
The Meanings of Life Meaning of Death
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 8: Meaning
9. Beauty and Beyond
Aesthetics
Issues and Alternatives
Beauty in Painting
Other Emotions in Painting
Creativity in Painting
Beauty in Music
Other Emotions in Music
Creativity in Music
Empathy in Literature and Film
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 9: Beauty and Beyond
10. Future Philosophy
Looking Backwards and Forwards
Free Will
Mathematical Knowledge and Reality
Non-Humans: Animals and Machines
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 10: Future Philosophy
References
Index
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Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Philosophy Matters
Why Philosophy?
What is Philosophy?
Issues and Alternatives: Ways of Philosophizing
Elements of Natural Philosophy
Overview of This Book
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 1: Philosophy Matters
2. Mind
Mental Processes
Issues and Alternatives
Neural Mechanisms
Semantic Pointers
Inference to the Best Explanation to Multilevel Materialism
Philosophical Objections
Consciousness
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 2: Mind
Chapter 3. Knowledge
Minds and Knowledge
Issues and Alternatives
What is Knowledge?
The Growth of Knowledge
Justification
Probability
Knowledge is Social
Conceptual Change and the Brain Revolution
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 3: Knowledge
4. Reality
Make Reality Great Again
Issues and Alternatives
Existence
Truth
Space and Time
Groups and Society
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 4: Reality
5. Explanation
Knowledge Meets Reality
Issues and Alternatives
Styles of Explanation
Emotional and Social Aspects of Explanation
Causality
Reduction and Emergence
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 5: Explanation
6. Morality
Right and Wrong
Issues and Alternatives
Values
Moral Emotions
Objective Values and Rational Emotions
Needs
The Needs of Others
Empathy
Conflicting Needs and Ethical Coherence
Why is There Evil?
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 6: Morality
7. Justice
From Morality to Justice
Issues and Alternatives
Just Societies: Needs Sufficiency
Just Governments
Just Social Change
Basic Income
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 7: Justice
8. Meaning
Language and Life
Issues and Alternatives
Language and Mental Representation
The Meanings of Life Meaning of Death
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 8: Meaning
9. Beauty and Beyond
Aesthetics
Issues and Alternatives
Beauty in Painting
Other Emotions in Painting
Creativity in Painting
Beauty in Music
Other Emotions in Music
Creativity in Music
Empathy in Literature and Film
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 9: Beauty and Beyond
10. Future Philosophy
Looking Backwards and Forwards
Free Will
Mathematical Knowledge and Reality
Non-Humans: Animals and Machines
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 10: Future Philosophy
References
Index
Acknowledgments
1. Philosophy Matters
Why Philosophy?
What is Philosophy?
Issues and Alternatives: Ways of Philosophizing
Elements of Natural Philosophy
Overview of This Book
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 1: Philosophy Matters
2. Mind
Mental Processes
Issues and Alternatives
Neural Mechanisms
Semantic Pointers
Inference to the Best Explanation to Multilevel Materialism
Philosophical Objections
Consciousness
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 2: Mind
Chapter 3. Knowledge
Minds and Knowledge
Issues and Alternatives
What is Knowledge?
The Growth of Knowledge
Justification
Probability
Knowledge is Social
Conceptual Change and the Brain Revolution
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 3: Knowledge
4. Reality
Make Reality Great Again
Issues and Alternatives
Existence
Truth
Space and Time
Groups and Society
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 4: Reality
5. Explanation
Knowledge Meets Reality
Issues and Alternatives
Styles of Explanation
Emotional and Social Aspects of Explanation
Causality
Reduction and Emergence
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 5: Explanation
6. Morality
Right and Wrong
Issues and Alternatives
Values
Moral Emotions
Objective Values and Rational Emotions
Needs
The Needs of Others
Empathy
Conflicting Needs and Ethical Coherence
Why is There Evil?
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 6: Morality
7. Justice
From Morality to Justice
Issues and Alternatives
Just Societies: Needs Sufficiency
Just Governments
Just Social Change
Basic Income
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 7: Justice
8. Meaning
Language and Life
Issues and Alternatives
Language and Mental Representation
The Meanings of Life Meaning of Death
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 8: Meaning
9. Beauty and Beyond
Aesthetics
Issues and Alternatives
Beauty in Painting
Other Emotions in Painting
Creativity in Painting
Beauty in Music
Other Emotions in Music
Creativity in Music
Empathy in Literature and Film
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 9: Beauty and Beyond
10. Future Philosophy
Looking Backwards and Forwards
Free Will
Mathematical Knowledge and Reality
Non-Humans: Animals and Machines
Summary and Discussion
Notes to Chapter 10: Future Philosophy
References
Index
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