Globalization: Perak's Rise, Relative Decline, and Regeneration

Introduction
Part 1. People, Protection, and a Base for Prosperity
A Globalizing World
Perak's Lifeblood: Its Rivers, Settlements, and People
Invading Traders and Powerful Neighbours
Traditional Governance Destabilized
From the Curse of Conflict to Colonialism, 1860-1874
Pangkor: Resistance, Retaliation, and Reflection, 1874-1877
After Pangkor: Claiming Strategic Territory
British Governance and Federalism Fortified, 1870s-1920s
Part 2. Perak's Prosperity: Propelled by Natural Resources
Globalization of Perak's Tin and Rubber Industries
Tin's Shift from Larut to Kinta, 1850-1900
From Chinese to British Tin-Mining Dominance, 1900-1940
The Natural Rubber Boom, 1900-1940
Rising Living Standards, 1900-1940
Japanese Occupation, Insurgency, and Decolonization, 1941-1957
Looking Back- and Forward
Part 3A. The Decline of Tin and Rubber: Continued British Economic Dominance
Globalization and Perak's Changing Fortunes
Tin: Slump, Recovery, and Ultimate Collapse, 1957-1990
Rubber and the Transition to Palm Oil, 1957-1991
Independence but Continued British Economic Dominance, 1957-1970
Part 3B. Policy Changes amid Absolute Advance but Relative Decline
Globalization's Impact, 1970-2020: From Basic Commodities to Manufactures and More
The New Economic Policy and its Impact on Perak during its Early Relative Decline, 1970-1990
Strategic Responses amid New Challenges, 1990-2020
Part 3C. Economic, Income, and Demographic Changes with Relative Decline
Economic Change, 1990-2020
Income Change, 1990-2020
Demographic Change, 1957-2020
Reflections on Six Decades of Progress
Part 4. Towards a New Vision for Perak
Globalization: Looking Back, and Forward, in a Post-Covid-19 World
Cities and Towns Blighted by Globalization
Regenerating Perak
Towards a New Vision for Perak
References

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• História económica
• Economia do desenvolvimento
• Geografia económica